| Location |
Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia |
| Geographic coordinates |
11 30 N, 43 00 E |
| Map references |
africa |
| Area |
total: 23,000 sq km
water: 20 sq km
land: 22,980 sq km |
| Area comparative |
slightly smaller than Massachusetts |
| Land boundaries |
total: 516 km
border countries: eritrea 109 km, ethiopia 349 km, somalia 58 km |
| Coastline |
314 km |
| Maritime claims |
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
| Climate |
desert; torrid, dry |
| Terrain |
coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains |
| Elevation extremes |
lowest point: lac assal -155 m
highest point: moussa ali 2,028 m |
| Natural resources |
geothermal areas |
| Land use |
arable land: 0.04%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 99.96% (2001) |
| Irrigated land |
10 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Natural hazards |
earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods |
| Environment - current issues |
inadequate supplies of potable water; limited arable land; desertification; endangered species |
| Environment - international agreements |
party to: biodiversity, climate change, climate change-kyoto protocol, desertification, endangered species, hazardous wastes, law of the sea, ozone layer protection, ship pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Geography note |
strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa |