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| Economy overview | France is in the midst of transition, from a well-to-do modern economy that has featured extensive government ownership and intervention to one that relies more on market mechanisms. The Socialist-led government partially or fully privatized many large companies, banks, and insurers, but the government retains controlling stakes in several leading firms, including Air France, France Telecom, Renault, and Thales, and is dominant in some sectors, particularly power, public transport, and defense industries. The telecommunications sector is gradually being opened to competition. France's leaders remain committed to a capitalism in which they maintain social equity by means of laws, tax policies, and social spending that reduce income disparity and the impact of free markets on public health and welfare. The current government has lowered income taxes and introduced measures to boost employment. The government is focusing on the problems of the high cost of labor and labor market inflexibility resulting from the 35-hour workweek and restrictions on lay-offs. The government is also pushing for pension reforms and simplification of administrative procedures. The tax burden remains one of the highest in Europe (43.8% of GDP in 2003). The current economic slowdown and inflexible budget items have pushed the 2003 deficit to 4% of GDP, above the EU's 3% debt limit. Business investment remains listless because of low rates of capital utilization, sluggish demand, high debt, and the steep cost of capital. |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $1.661 trillion (2004 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 0.5% (2004 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $27,600 (2004 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector |
agriculture: 2.7% industry: 24.4% services: 72.9% (2004 est.) |
| Investment gross fixed | 19.2% of GDP (2004 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | 6.5% (2000) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share |
lowest 10%: 2.8% highest 10%: 25.1% (1995) |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 32.7 (1995) |
| Inflation rate consumer prices | 2.1% (2004 est.) |
| Labor force | 27.39 million (2004 est.) |
| Labor force by occupation | agriculture 4.1%, industry 24.4%, services 71.5% (1999) |
| Unemployment rate | 9.7% (2004 est.) |
| Budget |
revenues: $882.8 billion expenditures: $955.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $23 billion (2004 est.) |
| Public debt | 68.8% of GDP (2004 est.) |
| Agriculture products | wheat, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes; beef, dairy products; fish |
| Industries | machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics; textiles, food processing; tourism |
| Industrial production growth rate | -0.3% (2004 est.) |
| Electricity production | 520.1 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity production by source |
fossil fuel: 8.2% hydro: 14% other: 0.7% (2001) nuclear: 77.1% |
| Electricity consumption | 415.3 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity exports | 72.6 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity imports | 4.2 billion kWh (2001) |
| Oil production | 34,920 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
| Oil consumption | 2.026 million bbl/day (2001 est.) |
| Oil exports | 409,600 bbl/day (2001) |
| Oil imports | 2.281 million bbl/day (2001) |
| Oil proved reserves | 144.3 million bbl (1 January 2002) |
| Natural gas production | 1.898 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural gas consumption | 42.01 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural gas exports | 1.725 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural gas imports | 40.26 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural gas proved reserves | 12.86 billion cu m (1 January 2002) |
| Current account balance | $13.8 billion (2004 est.) |
| Exports | $346.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
| Exports commodities | machinery and transportation equipment, aircraft, plastics, chemicals, pharmaceutical products, iron and steel, beverages |
| Exports partners | Germany 14.9%, Spain 9.6%, UK 9.4%, Italy 9.3%, Belgium 7.2%, US 6.8% (2003) |
| Imports | $339.9 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
| Imports commodities | machinery and equipment, vehicles, crude oil, aircraft, plastics, chemicals |
| Imports partners | Germany 19.1%, Belgium 9.4%, Italy 9%, Spain 7.4%, Netherlands 7%, UK 7%, US 5.4% (2003) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange gold | $70.76 billion (2003) |
| Debt external | NA |
| Economic aid recipient | |
| Currency | euro (EUR) note: on 1 january 1999, the european monetary union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 january 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries |
| Currency code | EUR |
| Exchange rates | euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year |
Introduction and Background to France | Geography Of France | People Of France | Government Of France | Communications Of France | Transportation Of France | Military Of France | Transnational Issues Of France
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