| Economy overview |
Greece has a mixed capitalist economy with the public sector accounting for half of GDP and with per capita GDP 70% of the leading euro-zone economies. Tourism provides 15% of GDP. Immigrants make up nearly one-fifth of the work force, mainly in menial jobs. Greece is a major beneficiary of EU aid, equal to about 3.3% of GDP. The Greek economy grew by 4.0% in 2003 and is expected to grow by 4.2% in 2004, the year that Athens will host the 2004 Olympic Games. Remaining challenges include the reduction of the public debt, inflation, and unemployment; and further restructuring of the economy, including privatizing several state enterprises, undertaking pension and other reforms, and minimizing bureaucratic inefficiencies. |
| GDP |
purchasing power parity - $213.6 billion (2004 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate |
4.7% (2004 est.) |
| GDP - per capita |
purchasing power parity - $20,000 (2004 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector |
agriculture: 6.7%
industry: 22%
services: 71.2% (2004 est.) |
| Investment gross fixed |
25.5% of GDP (2004 est.) |
| Population below poverty line |
NA |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share |
lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 25.3% (1993 est.) |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index |
32.7 (1993) |
| Inflation rate consumer prices |
3.6% (2004 est.) |
| Labor force |
4.39 million (2004 est.) |
| Labor force by occupation |
agriculture 20%, industry 20%, services 60% (2000 est.) |
| Unemployment rate |
9.4% (2004 est.) |
| Budget |
revenues: $76.84 billion
expenditures: $79.48 billion, including capital expenditures of na (2004 est.) |
| Public debt |
100.9% of GDP (2004 est.) |
| Agriculture products |
wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, olives, tomatoes, wine, tobacco, potatoes; beef, dairy products |
| Industries |
tourism; food and tobacco processing, textiles; chemicals, metal products; mining, petroleum |
| Industrial production growth rate |
0.7% (2004 est.) |
| Electricity production |
49.79 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity production by source |
fossil fuel: 94.5%
hydro: 3.8%
other: 1.7% (2001)
nuclear: 0% |
| Electricity consumption |
48.8 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity exports |
1.062 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity imports |
3.562 billion kWh (2001) |
| Oil production |
5,992 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
| Oil consumption |
405,700 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
| Oil exports |
84,720 bbl/day (2001) |
| Oil imports |
468,300 bbl/day (2001) |
| Oil proved reserves |
4.5 million bbl (1 January 2002) |
| Natural gas production |
35 million cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural gas consumption |
2.021 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural gas exports |
0 cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural gas imports |
2.018 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural gas proved reserves |
254.9 million cu m (1 January 2002) |
| Current account balance |
$-11.33 billion (2004 est.) |
| Exports |
$5.899 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
| Exports commodities |
food and beverages, manufactured goods, petroleum products, chemicals, textiles |
| Exports partners |
Germany 12.6%, Italy 10.5%, UK 7%, US 6.5%, Bulgaria 6.2%, Cyprus 4.8%, France 4.2%, Turkey 4% (2003) |
| Imports |
$33.27 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
| Imports commodities |
machinery, transport equipment, fuels, chemicals |
| Imports partners |
Germany 12.5%, Italy 12.2%, France 6.6%, Russia 6.1%, South Korea 5.4%, US 5.2%, Netherlands 5.2%, Japan 4.3%, UK 4.2% (2003) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange gold |
$5.802 billion (2004 est.) |
| Debt external |
$65.51 billion (2004 est.) |
| Economic aid recipient |
$5.4 billion from EU (1995) |
| Currency |
euro (EUR)
note: on 1 january 1999, the european monetary union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 january 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries |
| Currency code |
EUR |
| Exchange rates |
euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 365.399 (2000), 305.647 (1999) |
| Fiscal year |
calendar year |