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Vietnamese Writing System
Under French colonial rule, the script became official and required for all public documents in 1910 by issue of a decree by the French Résident Supérieur of the protectorate of Tonkin. By the end of first half 20th century virtually all writings were done in quốc ngữ. Changes in the script were made by French scholars and administrators and by conferences held after independence during 1954–1974. The script now reflects a so-called Middle Vietnamese dialect that has vowels and final consonants most similar to northern dialects and initial consonants most similar to southern dialects (Nguyễn 1996). This Middle Vietnamese is presumably close to the Hanoi variety as spoken sometime after 1600 but before the present. Before French rule, the first two Vietnamese writing systems were based on Chinese script: the standard Chinese character set called chữ nho (scholar's characters, 字儒): used to write Literary Chinese Related Articles: Vietnamese Translation :: Vietnamese Writing :: Vietnamese Classification :: Vietnamese Geographic Distribution :: Vietnamese History :: Vietnamese Status Find out more About Vietnamese Translation: Introduction | Vietnamese Geography | People | Vietnamese Government | Economy | Vietnamese Communications | Transportation | Vietnamese Military | Transnational Issues | Flag | Map | Introduction and Background | Terrain | Peoples | Governments | Economies | Communication Systems | Transportation Systems | Militaries | Global Issues | 
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